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BIOACTIVE
Choline
crystalline bitartrate, 99% or more
IN 1 OF THE 29 FORMULAS AUTHORISED CLAIMS

Choline bitartrate

A nutrient your body uses to make acetylcholine, to build cell membranes and to handle homocysteine. It sits in one of our formulas, Liver (ALT / AST), and carries three authorised EU health claims, one of them for normal liver function. What we serve is the bitartrate salt, and only about 41% of it is choline, so the number on the label is not the amount of choline you get.

FORM WE USE Crystalline choline bitartrate, 99% or moreBitartrate, 99%+
NRV None set. EFSA adequate intake 400 mg a dayNone
OUR DOSE 400 mg in one formula, about 164 mg of choline400 mg
UPPER LIMIT ON FILE 3,500 mg per day, adults, source being confirmed3,500 mg per day
APPEARS IN 1 formula
AUTHORISED CLAIMS 3 under Reg. 432/2012

WHAT WE ARE ALLOWED TO SAY

Three claims. All of them authorised.

Our file holds these three claims only in Spanish, so what you read here is our literal translation of the EU register wording, and we do not paraphrase it into something that sounds stronger. All three carry the same condition: at least 82.5 mg of choline per 100 g or 100 ml, or per single portion. Our one formula serves 400 mg of choline bitartrate in 1.6 ml, which is roughly 164 mg of choline by the 41% on file, so it clears that condition. Our own ingredient notes still list choline as not found in the register, while our claim files record all three as authorised under Regulation 432/2012, and we are reconciling the two.Our file holds these claims only in Spanish, so this is our literal translation of the EU register wording. All three need at least 82.5 mg of choline per portion, and our formula serves roughly 164 mg.

Contributes to normal lipid metabolism
Contributes to normal homocysteine metabolism
Contributes to the maintenance of normal liver function
AND WHAT WE ARE NOT

The wording stops at normal liver function, normal lipid metabolism and normal homocysteine metabolism. None of it says choline brings your ALT or AST back into range or clears a fatty liver, and the role in memory and focus that our file lists as secondary is not an authorised claim either. In Liver (ALT / AST), the claim the formula is filed under is choline's liver function claim; the milk thistle and the artichoke next to it have no authorised claim of their own.

WHY BITARTRATE

One form on file. Read the label twice.

Our file specifies crystalline choline bitartrate at a purity of 99% or more. The authorised claims are worded for choline, not for a particular salt, so the form is not a claim argument and we do not use it as one. It dissolves readily in water and stays stable in liquid, which is what a formula poured in 0.2 ml pulses needs.

BITARTRATEWhat our file specifies

Crystalline choline bitartrate, at 99% or more. It is the only form we hold on record for this ingredient.

IN A LIQUIDWhy it suits the device

It dissolves in water, about 850 g per litre, and stays stable in liquid. Our file records two drawbacks: it is sensitive to moisture, and it tastes bitter.

THE SALT, NOT THE CHOLINEAbout 41% choline

The bitartrate carries the choline. By our form record, 400 mg of it provides roughly 164 mg of choline, and that smaller number is the one the claim condition is checked against.

THE HONEST VERSION

Our form record says choline bitartrate is well absorbed by mouth, at about 90%. Our pharmacokinetic record keeps an older note of more than 80%, through a transport that saturates, and says a precise figure is not documented in the sources we checked. We have not reconciled the two yet. It is cleared by the kidneys, the effect on file builds over days, not minutes, and we have no source that says bitartrate is absorbed better than any other form of choline.Our records put oral absorption at about 90%, but a precise figure is not documented yet. We have no source that says bitartrate is absorbed better than any other form of choline.

WHERE IT APPEARS

One of the twenty-nine carries choline bitartrate.

It is in a single ADAPT formula, still in development, served at night with dinner for 12 weeks when a blood test shows raised liver enzymes. EFSA's adequate intake for adults is 400 mg of choline a day, from everything you eat. The 400 mg in our formula is of the bitartrate salt, roughly 164 mg of choline, so it is not the same 400, and we would rather tell you than let the two numbers look alike.

FORMULATYPEDOSEWINDOWWHY IT IS IN THERE
Liver (ALT / AST) ADAPT 400 mg
400 mg Night Night · Maintenance of normal liver function, the claim the formula is filed under. Next to milk thistle, artichoke and vitamin E, with dinner, for 12 weeks

THE CEILING

3,500 mg a day. We serve 400.

Our file records 3,500 mg a day as the upper limit for adults, but our records attribute that figure to different bodies, EFSA in one and the US IOM in another, and we are confirming which. We have not attached the document it comes from yet, so read it as the ceiling our engine works to, not as a quotation. The limit applies to your total choline from every source, not to each formula on its own. Choline bitartrate appears only in Liver (ALT / AST), but it is not the only choline source in our range: the citicoline (CDP-choline) in BOOST-01 is one, and so is the choline-stabilised orthosilicic acid on file for the silicon in CORE-08. Counted as the full 400 mg of bitartrate, what we serve here sits at about a ninth of the limit, and any other choline source adds to the same total.Our file records 3,500 mg a day as the upper limit for adults, source being confirmed. It applies to choline from every source, including the citicoline in BOOST-01 and the choline-stabilised silicon in CORE-08, not only the 400 mg of bitartrate here.

400 mg · Liver (ALT / AST) (ADAPT-11)400 mg 3,100 mg · left under the limit, shared with any other choline source3,100 mg left choline from another product on top could go past itover the ceiling
0 mg 3,500 mg · upper limit for adults, as recorded in our file3,500 mg · limit on file No NRV on file
WHERE YOU AREAbout a ninth of the limit

Liver (ALT / AST) serves 400 mg of choline bitartrate. It is the only formula with the bitartrate, but the citicoline in BOOST-01 and the choline-stabilised silicon in CORE-08 are also choline sources, and they count towards the same limit.

COUNT THE RESTThe limit is on your total

If you take choline from another product, it adds to what we serve. The 3,500 mg is a daily total across everything you take, not a limit per product.

WHO SHOULD NOTWhat the label says

Do not go above 3,500 mg a day: past that, choline can cause a fishy body odour, low blood pressure and heavier sweating. Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Food supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied and balanced diet. Keep it out of the reach of young children. Our file records no contraindication for choline itself yet, and its full review is still pending. The one formula that carries it is not served if you take a vitamin K antagonist such as warfarin or acenocoumarol, or if you have a diagnosed, active liver disease, and it has further exclusions of its own, from the milk thistle, artichoke and vitamin E next to it, listed on its page.

WHAT IT REACTS WITH

No documented pairs yet.

Choline bitartrate is one of the 140 ingredients in our library, so it has 139 possible partners. None of them is among the 443 pairs we have documented so far, and our drug table holds no entry for it either.

IN THE SAME FORMULAMilk thistle, artichoke and vitamin E

It shares Liver (ALT / AST) with all three. The one documented pair inside that formula is milk thistle with artichoke, as complementary. None involves choline, so we do not describe one.

MEDICATIONNothing on file yet

Our file holds no documented interaction between choline and any medicine, and our check on the liver enzymes that process most medicines found nothing in the sources we hold. That is an open question, not a clean result.

NOT CHECKED YETEverything else

No pair with another ingredient is documented for choline. We would rather leave this section short than fill it with guesses.

WHAT WE HAVE NOT CHECKED YET

Across the library, 443 of the 9,730 possible pairs are documented, which is 4.55%, and none of them involves choline. Its ingredient file is still a short one, with the full review pending. The rest are not "safe", they are simply unchecked, and we would rather write that down than let the number look like a badge.443 of the 9,730 possible pairs in our library are documented, which is 4.55%, and none of them involves choline. The rest are not safe, they are simply unchecked.

SOURCES

Everything on this page, with its reference.

REGULATION Regulation (EU) 432/2012 — the three authorised claims for choline claim wordings and the 82.5 mg condition
EFSA EFSA Journal 2011;9(4):2056 and 2011;9(6):2203 — the opinions referenced on our choline claim records claim substantiation
EFSA EFSA Journal 2016 — Dietary Reference Values for choline (doi 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4484) adequate intake 400 mg a day, how the body uses it
VION FILE Internal dose record, external reference still to be attached 3,500 mg a day, adults
REGULATION Directive 2002/46/EC, Art. 6.3 — labelling of food supplements standard label warnings
VION FILE Internal form record — crystalline choline bitartrate, 99% or more about 41% choline, solubility, stability

Reviewed by VION nutrition team · last reviewed 16 September 2026

140 INGREDIENTS · 64 IN USE TODAY

Every one of them has a page like this.

What it is, what we are allowed to say about it, which formulas carry it, what it reacts with and where each of those statements comes from. No proprietary blends, no hidden amounts.